Li Ming Wong asked:




Doctors give migraineurs medications to reduce the frequency or duration of their headaches, and some to stop the pain when they feel a headache coming on. Sometimes, though, the pain is resistant and heavy-duty pain medications are needed.

Non-prescription NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, help a lot of people relieve their migraine pain, but when they are not enough doctors may offer a prescription version. Toradol (ketorolac) is a prescription-strength NSAID doctors can dispense to migraineurs with moderate to severe pain that is resistant to other pain relievers. It is available in a tablet form, but is usually dispensed in emergency rooms and injected for migraines

Toradol has a host of potentially dangerous side effects patients need to be aware of and should be used with caution. It can cause nausea, drowsiness, dizziness, itching, diarrhea, fluid retention, and perforation or bleeding of the gastrointestinal tract.

It should not be taken by migraineurs who are allergic to other NSAIDs or aspirin. Patients with a history of gastrointestinal bleeding, high blood pressure, or a history of kidney and liver problems should avoid ketorolac. It should be avoided by pregnant women and the elderly as well.

Patients who have been unsuccessfully trying to treat their migraine at home with over the counter NSAIDs need to let their doctor or emergency room staff know. Ketorolac should not be administered until other NSAIDs have cleared the body to avoid potential overdose-related complications.

Due to potentially dangerous drug interactions, patients need to let their doctors about all their medications, not just ones taken for migraines. Toradol should not be given to anyone currently taking blood thinners, tranquilizers, diuretics, lithium, and particular types of antidepressants, methotrexate, or ACE inhibitors for blood pressure.

Toradol may offer relief when no relief from the pain can be found, but should be taken with extreme caution.



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Patricia Woloch asked:




 

 

Medication mistakes are the cause of over a million serious injuries and deaths each year in the United States. The FDA is constantly working in cooperation with drug manufacturers and health care professionals to improve the quality of standards used in preparing and supplying medications.

 

Maalox is a brand name that encompasses several different types of stomach medications. These include:

 

· Maalox Total Stomach Relief

· Maalox Antacid Barrier

· Maalox Regular

· Maalox Max

 

The difference in these products is the newest form, which is Maalox Total Stomach Relief, contains bismuth subsalicylate as an active ingredient. To be exact, each tablespoon contains 525 milligrams of this agent.

 

The Dangers

 

The importance of this difference is that salicylates can have a major impact on the safety of the patient depending on his or her health status. Products containing bismuth subsalicylate potentially have drug-to-drug and drug-to-disease interactions. Bismuth subsalicylate can interact with:

 

· Anticoagulants

· Hypoglycemic agents

· Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

· Anti-inflammatories

 

Bismuth salicylates can also complicate existing medical problems such as:

 

· Gout

· Stomach ulcers

· Kidney disease

· Bleeding problems

 

Precautionary Suggestions

 

The following are some precautionary measures that manufacturers and pharmacists can take to avoid consumer confusion.

 

Manufacturers should consider differentiating the packaging of Maalox products to avoid confusion. Different colored caps do not provide a significant method of distinguishing one product from another. The other details of the bottling are identical in each brand in terms of color, size and shape. Warnings on the labels, although present, are not prominent and can easily be overlooked by consumers.

 

Pharmacists should refer to the product by its full name. Use shelf talkers or other visual aids to distinguish the new formulation of Maalox Total Stomach Relief (which contains the bismuth subsalicylate) from other Maalox products.

 

As a consumer, it is important that you carefully read all labels thoroughly before purchasing or using any product. If you are unsure of a product or its safety, contact a health professional or pharmacist before consuming the product.

 

MedWatch is a program developed by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) for the reporting of serious drug reactions, problems with product quality, product use errors and product failure. This program was developed to prevent more medication mistakes and promote consumer safety.

 

Your health care provider is not required to report to the FDA. If you wish to report a product, but do not want your health care provider involved, you are entitled to fill out the online reporting form via the internet. You will receive an acknowledgement of your report, but will only be contacted if further information is required.

 

Medication mistakes are responsible for an alarming amount of injuries and deaths in the United States.

 

 



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Pain management is one area of medicine which has seen several technological advancements across the globe. Spurred by this global happening, chronic pain management clinics in developing countries have also begun using novel techniques in the areas of pain imaging, pain assessment, and intervention for chronic pain management.  

Chronic pain can refer to any type of pain that endures even after an injury has been healed, pain connected to any degenerative or relentless disease, long-standing pain for which the cause cannot be identified, or cancer pain. In general, pain that continues even after six months is chronic and requires treatment.

The diagnosis and treatment of a particular patient at a chronic pain management clinic usually requires the involvement of several specialists including anesthesiologists, psychiatrists, physiatrists, neurologists, and nurses. Several therapies are combined in order to at least make the patient feel more comfortable if the pain cannot be stopped, to help him/her return to work, to do away with his/her depression, and to improve his/her physical functioning. Thus, these therapies are medication, surgery, psychological counselling, therapies to stimulate the nerves, lifestyle changes, anesthesiological therapies, and rehabilitation.

Medication recommended for patients in chronic pain management clinics can vary from NSAIDS for pain that is not too bad to narcotic drugs for more severe pain. Physical therapy is one common therapeutic technique used in the management of chronic pain in such clinics. It involves training the patient to enhance his flexibility, endurance, and strength; to move in a way that is structurally correct and safe; and most importantly to handle pain. Therapeutic exercise is an important feature of physical therapy.

Another important technique used in chronic pain management clinics is Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS). This technique provides relief for patients suffering from conditions such as arthritic pain or pain in the lower back, by the use of low-voltage electric current.

To sum up, once pain has become chronic, complete freedom from the pain is difficult. However, chronic pain management clinics, through the use of multiple techniques used in conjunction with one another, can help sufferers of chronic pain enjoy a happier and more active life.



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